Symptoms
A useful and descriptive moniker for hypertension is "the silent killer." This is due to the lack of other symptoms besides elevated blood pressure readings.
Chronically high blood pressure exerts constant pressure against artery walls, causing them to weaken, tear, or rupture; form scar tissue that may draw cholesterol particles and aid in the formation of blood vessel blocking plaques; or become stiff and unyielding, putting the heart under extra strain.
The heart muscle can weaken and sag over time, and the cumulative harm to the arteries and heart can result in a wide range of serious side effects, including heart attacks, strokes, and vision loss.
Causes
When blood pushes against artery walls with more force than usual, high blood pressure results. The two are as follows:
Primary hypertension: An increase in blood pressure without a clear cause that typically develops over several years and is not noticed until it is measured during a blood pressure check.
Subsequent hypertension: Hypertension that has a known medical cause is referred to as secondary hypertension. Thyroid disorder, kidney disease, obstructive sleep apnea, alcoholism, drug abuse, or an adrenal gland tumor are typical causes.
Unavoidable factors can contribute to increased susceptibility to high blood pressure. Black people of both sexes and those over the age of 45 and 65 are particularly at risk.
Diagnosis
A sphygmomanometer, a medical device with a cuff that is fitted around your upper arm and slowly deflated while your healthcare provider listens to your pulse with a stethoscope, is used to measure blood pressure in patients. The gauge shows two measurements:
Systolic blood pressure: The amount of pressure that the heart exerts on the arteries with each beat.
Diastolic pressure: The force exerted on the artery walls while the heart is at rest in between contractions.
Despite the fact that one high reading is insufficient for a definitive diagnosis, depending on a person's medical history and risk factors, it may suggest that their blood pressure is chronically high.
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