The inventor of the blood glucose meter was Tom Clemens. He began to study blood glucose meters in 1966. In 1968, he first developed several models of blood glucose meters and applied for a patent in April of that year. The instrument for measuring blood glucose is Ames reflection meter, which is produced by Ames (Bayer) company. At that time, the price was about 4100 yuan (usd495).
On September 14, 1971, in the second year after the listing of Ames reflection meter, the product obtained a U.S. patent with the patent number of u.s.pstent3605815. The first truly commercial blood glucose meter, Dextrometer, was launched by Ames in 1979. For patients, the use process of the first generation blood glucose meter is very cumbersome. First, add a blood sample to the test paper, and then rinse it with water after one minute to remove the red blood cells, and then insert the test paper into the machine to read the results.
Era of urine glucose and venous glucose
Since the invention of urine glucose and venous blood glucose examination method around 1840, until the invention of blood glucose meter by Tom Clemens in 1966, urine glucose and venous blood glucose examination have been the main indicators for the diagnosis and condition monitoring of diabetes. At that time, the ban's solution cauterization method was used for urine sugar examination, which was troublesome and inaccurate. It had been gradually replaced by the oxidase test paper method, and it was still used in economically underdeveloped areas. Venous blood glucose measurement is mainly used for the diagnosis of diabetes.
Today: blood glucose meter Era
In 1966, the blood glucose meter was successfully developed. After more than 40 years of continuous improvement, it has developed into today's appearance.
The first generation: water washed blood glucose meter was introduced in 1979. It drips blood on the test paper, washes red blood cells with water one minute later, and then inserts the test paper into the instrument to read the results. It is cumbersome.
The second generation: wiping blood glucose meter was introduced in 1980. After the blood sample reacts with the test paper, the blood cells on the test paper can be wiped off to read. The reaction time is short and the result is accurate. In 1986, a blood glucose meter with memory function was introduced.
The third generation: the colorimetric blood glucose meter was developed and launched in 1987. It is easy to operate without wiping blood.
The fourth generation: the electrochemical blood glucose meter was introduced in 1986, and then the electrochemical method replaced the colorimetric method. The electrochemical blood glucose meter has the advantages of small volume, convenience and short reaction time.
The fifth generation: multi site blood glucose meter, which can collect blood from the upper arm, forearm, thigh, calf, palm and other parts, only 0.3 μ L. Encourage patients to test blood glucose more, reduce complications and save costs.
Scientists have developed some special types of blood glucose detectors, such as:
Keratoscope blood glucose meter: the sensor is placed in the keratoscope, and the patient can observe the color of photosensitive materials on the keratoscope and chart by looking at the mirror, so as to determine the blood glucose level. Green is normal, red slightly increased, purple significantly increased.
Lacrimal sugar analyzer: the sugar content in tears is very close to that in plasma. When the blood glucose of human body changes, lacrimal sugar will change accordingly. This method is inexpensive and painless.
Watch blood glucose meter: it can be worn on the wrist like a watch. When the blood glucose is lower than 85 mg / dl, an alarm will sound. Therefore, it can safely and effectively detect the patient's nocturnal hypoglycemia. Although 32% of patients were awakened by the alarm sound during sleep, patients were still willing to use it. It was approved for use in children with diabetes in the United States in 2002.
Arm implanted blood glucose meter: it consists of a sensor implanted under the skin and an external measuring instrument. The diameter of the inductor is 6mm, and the thickness is like ordinary paper. There is no need for power drive. When the patient waves the arm of the implanted sensor in front of the measuring instrument, the measuring instrument can read out the blood glucose value of the patient by means of pulses. The working principle is similar to the magnetic induction anti-theft device installed on the clothing for sale in the store.
Tomorrow: the era of integrated blood glucose meter
It is a fully automatic blood glucose monitoring and insulin infusion system, which is composed of an insulin pump and a blood glucose meter. The blood glucose is monitored by a match box blood glucose meter worn on the wrist. The results can be automatically transmitted to the insulin pump through the radio module, and the insulin pump will inject insulin according to the instructions. The instrument will continuously measure the blood glucose, and the insulin pump will automatically inject an appropriate amount of insulin according to the blood glucose level to maintain the normal blood glucose level. It completely simulates the blood glucose regulation function of normal people. The instrument is small and painless, which integrates micro pump, micro channel, silicon needle and control system. In this way, it is unnecessary to measure blood sugar and inject insulin every day, which can relieve the pain of patients.