Approximately 80% of the worldwide human population lives in an area where at least one vector-borne disease is present. These diseases are generally associated with poverty and inequality, and many are chronic, debilitating, and stigmatizing, further exacerbating the situation.
Some formerly controlled diseases have spread and gradually afflicted once disease-free areas (for example, the African highlands) while resurging in locations where they had receded for decades over the last three decades.
Vaccines and therapies for some of these diseases are limited and frequently unsuccessful. Insecticide resistance is also becoming more common.
Furthermore, there are substantial fears that climate change would exacerbate vector-borne illness transmission and incidence, putting more people at risk around the world.
Vector-borne disease transmission is reliant on complex interactions between vectors, diseases, and the environment.
Climate can influence where, when, and how many vector-borne diseases spread.
Warmer temperatures, in general, provide more opportunity for diseases to grow. Understanding how climate affects these diseases enables us to anticipate potential changes in risk and plan appropriate solutions.
In addition to environment, the following factors can influence illness risk:
Access to mosquito control strategies is influenced by socioeconomic position and urbanization.
As a result, the impact of climate change on future disease risk should be considered with other global environmental and demographic changes.
According to a recent study published in The Lancet Planetary Health, up to 8.4 billion people could be at danger from two main vector-borne diseases, malaria and dengue, by the end of the century if emissions continue to rise at their current rates. This is the worst worst-case situation.
Even if emissions are reduced, the estimated population at risk remains significant, with 6.1 billion people possibly affected. The majority of those at danger will live in heavily crowded urban regions in Africa, South-East Asia, and the Americas.
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